2024年1月12日发(作者：)

绝密★启用前

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语（一）

（科目代码：201）

考生注意事项

1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔记清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）

考生编号考生姓名注：考生编号由考生在云逸未来的学号+3个0组成，共计15位。

Section I

Directions:

Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark

A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of

Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great

traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2

it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3

should be rendered yet another, quality pleasure 4 to damage our health.

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks

of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high

temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject

thin—crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to

support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause

neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in

humans.

Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific

proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow

the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumourde that smoking caused cancer for years before

the evidence was found to prove a 15 .

Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be. 16 up on Sunday alongside

some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life

be worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods

18 , but reduce their lifetime intake. However its 19 risks coming a cross as being

pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.

英语（一）考试试题 第1页 共15页

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.[A] In[A] match[A] patience[A] intensified[A] issued[A] under[A] forget[A] partially[A] Unless[B]Towards[B]express[B]enjoyment[B]privileged[B]received[B]at[B]regret[B]regularly[B]Since[B]external[B]bound[C]On[C]satisfy[C]surprise[C]compelled[C]ignored[C]for[C]finish[C]easily[C]If[C]conclusive[C]likely[D]Till[D]influence[D]concern[D]guaranteed[D]cancelled[D]by[D]avoid[D]initially[D]While[D]negative[D]slow10.[A] secondary11.[A] insufficient12.[A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13.[A] interesting14.[A] As usual15.[A] resemblance16.[A] made17.[A] To be fair18.[A] reluctantly19.[A] promise20.[A] follow up[B]advisable[B]In particular[B]combination[B]served[B]For instance[B]entirely[B]experience[B]pick up[C]urgent[D]fortunate[C]By definition [D] After all[C]connection[C]saved[C]To be brief[C]gradually[C]campaign[C]open up[D]pattern[D]used[D]In general[D]carefully[D]competition[D]end upSection II

Part A

Directions:

Reading Comprehension

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,

C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

英语（一）考试试题 第2页 共15页

Text 1

A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a

call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the

existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to

Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,

where it brought in €220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined

to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack

the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award

could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.

Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer

be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a

sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might

speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of

culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?

It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of

culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving

no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are

those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts

events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live

there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.

It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as

cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and

cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of

culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city

into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.

A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's

peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all

celebrating its people and turn it into action.

英语（一）考试试题 第3页 共 15 页

and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would _____.[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain[B]promote cooperation among Brain's towns[C]increase the economic strength of Brain's towns[D]focus Brain's limited resources on cultural ing to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as _____.[A]a sensible compromise[B]a self-deceiving attempt[C]an eye-catching bonus[D]an inaccessible author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _____.[A]endeavors to maintain its image[B]meets the aspiration of its people[C]brings its local arts to prominence[D]commits to its long-term w is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _____.[A]a contrasting case[B]a supporting example[C]a background story[D]a related is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical[B]Objective,[C]Favorable[D]Critical【答案】

21.D22.B23.D24.B25.C英语（一）考试试题 第4页 共15页

Text 2

Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need

journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without

monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also

for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production

of scientific knowledge.

With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find

a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very

price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching

40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an

existential crisis.

The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific

papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year,

while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to

access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise

unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence

of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which

now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The

success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have

themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among

its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding

bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British

scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available

from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the

publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.

Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers

by charging their writers fees. to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range

from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of

subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate

above inflation.

In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the

social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge

profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need

a rebalancing of power.

英语（一）考试试题 第5页 共 15 页

ific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because_ _____.[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]been analyzed from political aspect[D]its content acquisition costs ing to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have _____.[A]thrived mainly on university libraries[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry[D]financed researchers does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A]Relieved[B]Puzzled[C]Concerned[D] can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms _____.[A]allow publishers some room to make money[B]render publishing much easier for scientists[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D]free universities from financial of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered[B]Labour triumphs over status[C]Costs are well controlled[D]The few feed on the many【答案】

26.D27. A28.D29. A30.D英语（一）考试试题 第6页 共15页

Text 3

Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to

level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form. of

virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average

people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House

Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and

commissions, provide a case in point.

Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government

boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more

such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills

become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of

board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year

became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the

measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly

classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are

designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies

to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely

to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection",

But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on

corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general

population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without

government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015

the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board

membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is

exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic，Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of

opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women

to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite

women scoop up .multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,

remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their

sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

英语（一）考试试题 第7页 共 15 页

author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will _____.[A]help little to reduce gender bias[B]pose a threat to the state government[C]raise women's position in politics[D]greatly broaden career of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irritated private business owners[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court[C]It may go against the Constitution[D]It will settle the prior author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate _____.[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees[C]the pressure on women in global corporations[D]the needlessness of government interventions34 Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to _____.

[A]the underestimation of elite women's role[B]the objection to female participation on boards[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board[D]the growing tension between labor and of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women's need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation【答案】

31.A32.C33.D34.C35.B英语（一）考试试题 第8页 共15页

Text 4

Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would

impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services

to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from

providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising

based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many

French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a "GAFA tax," meaning

that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook

and Amazon- in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.

The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel

Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect

within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with

the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the

tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade

sanctions against France.

The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.

Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the

past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax

provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).

Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's

SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same

time, the European Union. Spain, Britain and several other countries have all

seriously contemplated digital services taxes.

These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed

to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a

right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words,

they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the

current economy.

In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to

reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France

and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital

services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future

holds for the international tax system.

France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached

on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit,

and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations

that will prove burdensome and costly.

英语（一）考试试题 第9页 共 15 页

French Senate has passed a bill to _____.[A]regulate digital services platforms[B]protect French companies interests[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals[D]curb the influence of can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____.[A]may trigger countermeasures against France[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad[C]aims to ease international trade tensions[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____.[A]redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights39 It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work _____.

[A]is being resisted by US companies[B]needs to be readjusted immediately[C]is faced with uncertain prospects[D]needs to in involve more of the following might be the best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy【答案】

36.C37. A38.B39.C40.B英语（一）考试试题 第10页 共15页

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are

required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list

A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and C have beencorrectly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

[A]Eye fixactions are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressiveIn a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are

paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a

political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye

contact that signals hostility. Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41.________________.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and

she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother

and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a

complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded

room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a

common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42.________________. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the

amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when

the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men

with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific

brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,

using advanced methods of brain scanning.

英语（一）考试试题 第11页 共15页

43. ________________. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard

Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very

different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a

sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated

with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you're a politician

or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact

may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs

than you," said Minson.

44. ________________.When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often

on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the

eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image

are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled

and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45. ________________.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality

dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered

more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari

Hietanen and colleagues. "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different

when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more

direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety

looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings

when others did not look directly at them.

【答案】

42.E41.C43.G44. A45.D英语（一）考试试题 第12页 共15页

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into

Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10

points)

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known

as' the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.

It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead

favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread

throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing

extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46. With the Church's

teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between

the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored

intellectual territories.

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes

Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.

47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained moreancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotelian geocentric view

that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in

actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the

Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a

theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was

branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be

punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church

and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the

heliocentric principle.

e attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logiciansand rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,

and at a rate that the people—including the Church—could no longer ignore.

It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in

reason was born.

The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to

rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that

swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty

英语（一）考试试题 第13页 共15页

of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The

Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era - the Age of Reason.

The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.

Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be

encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek

knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the

Latin phrase's ‘Sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his

essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and

responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to

be founded in knowledge.

【答案】

46.随着文艺复兴运动使得天主教的教义和思维方式没落，中世纪和现代之间的差距已经被缩小，带来了全新、未经探索的知识领域。

47.在他们的每一个科学理念出现之前，那时候许多的思想者一直保留着更加古老的思考方式，包括地心说，这一学说认为：地球是宇宙的中心。

48.尽管教会试图对新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者施加压力，但是对于宇宙是如何运行的探索越来越多，而且探索的速度是人们再也无法忽视的。

49.随着许多人承担着将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任。文艺复兴已经结束，是时候进入一个新时代了——理性时代。

50.这种寻求知识和理解我们已经知道的信息的行为被拉丁短语“sapere aude”或“dare to know”捕捉到了。

Section III

Part A

ions:Writing

The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the

international students about an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100

words.

Write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name in the notice.(10 points)

英语（一）考试试题 第14页 共15页

Part B

ions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay,

you should

1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 Points)英语（一）考试试题 第15页 共15页