测控专业英语课后单词及翻译

测控专业英语课后单词及翻译


2024年1月12日发(作者:)

P1U1A Electrical Networks 电路

network n. 网络,电路

resistor n. 电阻器

inductor n. 电感器

capacitor n. 电容器

passive network 无源网络

active network 有源网络

characteristic adj. 特性(的);n. 特性曲线

Ohm n. 欧姆

Faraday n. 法拉第

electric charge 电荷

integral n. 积分

increment n. 增量

armature n. 电枢,衔铁,加固

aforementioned adj. 上述的,前面提到的

represent v. 代表,表示,阐明

amplify v. 放大

symbolic adj. 符号的,记号的

mesh n. 网孔

Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律

loop current 回路电流

voltage drop 电压降

in series 串联

differential adj. 微分的;n. 微分

variable n. 变量

outline n. 轮廓;v. 提出„„的要点

eliminate v. 消除,对消

[1] In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states

that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the

value of the resistance.

就电阻来说,电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。

Which做关系代词,以引出非限制性定语从句。

[2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the

circuit.

或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。

P1U2A The Operational Amplifier 运算放大器

amplifier n. 放大器

integrated circuit 集成电路

building blocks 积木

potential n. (电)势

cascade n., v. 串联;adj. 串联的

on the order of 属于同类的,约为

trade off 换取

cumbersome adj. 麻烦的

intrinsic adj. 内在的

circuitry n. 电路

[1] One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the

gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system.

对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置,一个问题就是增益 AU 或者AI ,它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。

[2] This is one of the key features of Op-Amp design—the action of the circuit on signals depends

only upon the external elements which can be easily varied by the designer and which do not

depend upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself.

这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一——在信号作用下,电路的动作仅取决于能够容易被设计者改变的外部元件,而不取决于运算放大器本身的细节特性。

P1U3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop 逻辑变量与触发器

flip-flop n. 触发器

relevance n. 关联

terminology n. 术语

aptness n. 恰当

pilot n. 飞行员

aloft adv. 高高地

cockpit n. 坐舱

deduce v. 演绎

simultaneously adv. 同时地

Boolean algebra 布尔代数

gate n. 门,门电路

prevalent adj. 流行的

inhibit v. 抑制

难句翻译

[1] We shall now briefly discuss the relevance of such

terminology, and in so doing we shall bring out the

special aptness of the designations “true” and “false” to

identify the possible values of a variable.

现在我们将简要地讨论一下这些术语之间的关联,并在此过程中阐明用标示“真”和“假”来识别一个变量的可能值的特殊用途。

[2] Just as other algebras deal with variables which have a numerical significance, Boolean

algebra deals with propositions and is an effective tool for analyzing the relationships between

propositions which allow only two mutually exclusive alternatives.

和其他处理有数字意义的变量的代数一样,布尔代数处理的是命题,而且布尔代数对于分析仅有两个互反变量命题之间的关系是一种有效的工具。

[3] There is a generally prevailing attitude in digital systems to view logic 0 as a basic,

undisturbed, unperturbed, quiescent state and to view the logic 1 state as the excited, active,

effective state, i.e., the state arrived at “after something has happened.”

在数字系统中,普遍的观点是把逻辑0看成一个基本的、无干扰的、稳定的、静止的状态,把逻辑1看成一个激励的、活跃的、有效的状态,也就是说,这种状态是发生在“某种操作动作之后”。

P1U4A Power Semiconductor Devices 功率半导体器件

converter n. 转换器,换流器,变流器

matrix n. 模型,矩阵

diode n. 二极管,半导体二极管

thyristor n. 晶闸管

triac n. 三端双向晶闸管

GTO 门极可关断晶闸管

BJT 双极结型晶体管

power MOSFET 电力MOS场效应晶体管

SIT 静态感应晶体管

IGBT 绝缘栅双极型晶体管

MCT MOS控制晶闸管

IGCT 集成门极换向晶闸管

rectification n. 整流

feedback n. 反馈

freewheeling n. 单向传动

snubber n. 缓冲器,减震器

intrinsic adj. 固有的,体内的,本征

forward biased 正向偏置

conduction n. 导电,传导

emitter n. 发射极

reverse biased 反向偏置

leakage current 漏电流

threshold n. 门限,阈限,极限

breakdown n. 击穿,雪崩

recovery n. 恢复

schottky diode 肖基特二极管

workhorse n. 重载,重负荷

thyratron n. 闸流管

breakover n. 导通

latching current 闭锁电流

holding current 保持电流

phase controlled 相控的

asymmetric adj. 不对称的

force commutated 强制换向

SMPS 开关电源

BLDM 无刷直流电动机

stepper motor 步进电动机

hybrid n. 混合

saturation n. 饱和

难句翻译:

[1] Power diodes provide uncontrolled rectification of power and are used in applications such as

electroplating, anodizing, battery charging, welding, power supplies (DCand AC), and

variable-frequency drives.

电力二极管提供不可控的整流电源,这些电源有很广的应用,如:电镀、电极氧化、电池充电、焊接、交直流电源和变频驱动。

[2] A gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), as the name indicates, is basically a thyristor-type device that

can be turned on by a small positive gate current pulse, but in addition,has the capability of being

turned off by a negative gate current pulse.

门极可关断晶闸管,顾名思义,是一种晶闸管类型的器件。同其他晶闸管一样,它可以由一个小的正门极电流脉冲触发,但除此之外,它还能被负门极电流脉冲关断。

[3] Such a gate current pulse of very short duration and very large di/dt has small energy content

and can be supplied by multiple MOSFETs in parallel with ultra-low leakage inductance in the

drive circuit.

这样一个持续时间非常短、di/dt非常大、能量又较小的门极电流脉冲可以由多个并联的MOSFET来提供,并且驱动电路中的漏感要特别低。

P1U5A Types of DC Motors 直流电机分类

commercially adv. 工业地,商业地

permanent-magnet DC motor 永磁直流电动机

series-wound DC motor 串励直流电动机

shunt-wound DC motor 并励直流电动机

compound-wound DC motor 复励直流电动机

counterpart n. 对应物,配对物

brush n. 电刷

commutator n. 换向器,整流器

assembly n. 装置,构件

stator n. 定子

rotor n. 转子

alnico n. 铝镍钴合金,铝镍钴永磁合金

ceramic adj. 陶瓷的

horsepower n. 马力,功率

frame n. 机壳,机座

demagnetization n. 去磁,退磁

flux n. 磁通

mechanical power 机械功率

shaft n. 转轴

field winding n. 励磁绕组

turn n. 匝数

rheostat n. 变阻器

cumulative adj. 累积的

differential adj. 差的,差别的

难句翻译:

[1] Each of these motors has different characteristics due to its basic circuit arrangement and

physical properties.

每种类型的电动机由于其基本电路的不同而具有不同的特征和物理特性。

[2] The only difference, in most cases, is that the generator acts as a voltage source while the

motor functions as a mechanical power conversion device.

很多情况下,二者的唯一区别在于发电机常作为电压源,而电动机常作为机械能转换装置。

[3] A decrease in field current reduces the strength of the electromagnetic field. When the field

flux is decreased, the armature will rotate faster, due to reduced magnetic-field interaction.

励磁电流的减小会使磁场减弱。当磁通减少时,转子会由于与减弱的磁场相互作用而加速旋转.

P1U6A AC Machines 交流机

sinusoidal adj. 正弦的

constant-speed adj. 恒速的

variable-speed adj. 变速的

induction machine 感应电机

synchronous machine 同步电机

VRM 变磁阻电机

switched reluctance machine 开关磁阻电机

rugged adj. 结实的,耐用的

fractional adj. 分数的

concentrated coil 集中绕组

distributed adj. 分散的,分布的

slot n. 槽

wound-rotor n. 绕线转子

cage n. 笼子,笼形

core n. 铁心

laminated adj. 分层的,叠片的

ferromagnetic adj. 铁磁性的,铁磁体的

air gap 气隙

salient adj. 凸起的,突出的

synchronous speed 同步转速

leading adj. 超前的

hydro-electric adj. 水力发电的

nonsalient adj. 非凸起的,隐藏的

amortisseur n. 阻尼器

damper winding 阻尼绕组

encoder n. 编码器

难句翻译:

[1] Neglecting the effect of slots and space harmonics due to non-ideal winding distribution, it can

be shown that a sinusoidal three-phase balanced power supply in the three-phase stator winding

creates a synchronously rotating magnetic field.

如果忽略槽和由于非理想分布的绕组产生的空间谐波的影响,可以证明,在三相定子绕组中能以三相对称电源建立一个同步旋转的旋转磁场。

[2] The rotor winding will be subjected to a sweeping magnetic field, and have inducing current in

the short-circuited rotor.

转子绕组切割磁场,就会在短路的转子中产生感应电流。

[3] This is in contrast to a machine with a cylindrical rotor structure having a uniform air gap

(such as an induction motor), defined as a nonsalient pole machine.

与其(凸极式同步机)对应的另一种电机是有均匀气隙的圆柱体形转子结构的电机(与异步机相似),定义为隐极式同步电机。

[4] For example, the stator-pole pair A-A' is energized when the rotor pole-pair a-a' approaches it

to produce the torque by magnetic pull, but is de-energized when pole alignment occurs.

例如,当转子极对a-a'接近定子极对A-A'时,定子极对A-A'被通电,通过磁拉力产生转矩,当两个极对重合时,定子极对A-A'断电。

P1U7A Electric Power System 电力系统

transformer n. 变压器

substation n. 变电站

prime mover 原动机

turbine n. 涡轮

aluminum n. 铝

copper-clad n. 镀铜

suspend v. 悬挂

latticework n. 格子

porcelain adj. 瓷制的

supplementary adj. 辅助的

circuit breaker 断路器

immerse v. 沉浸,浸入

quench v. 熄灭

wiring n. 配线

alloy n. 合金

grid n. 格子,网格

reserve capacity 储备功率

blackout n. (大区域的)停电

outage n. 暂时停电

landslide n. 泥石流

sabotage n. 破坏

sophisticated adj. 复杂精密的

continuity n. 连续性

constancy n. 恒定

synchronous condenser 同步调相机

nullify v. 无效

pollutant n. 污染物质

off-peak adj. 非高峰的

geothermal adj. 地热的

难句翻译:

[1] In cities and other areas where open lines create a safety hazard or are considered unattractive,

insulated underground cables are used for distribution.

在城市和其它地区,明线存在安全隐患或者被认为影响美观,所以使用绝缘地下电缆进行配。

[2] Each utility that agrees to share gains an increased reserve capacity, use of larger, more

efficient generators, and the ability to respond to local power failures by obtaining energy from a

linking grid.

同意共享的每个电力企业可以获得不断增加的储备功率,使用更大、效率更高的发电机,从电网中获取电能以应对局部电力故障。

[3] Inductance and capacitance react with a tendency to nullify one another.

电感和电容的作用能相互抵消。

P2U1A The World of Control 控制的世界

regulate v. 调整

abound v. 大量存在

power boost 功率助推装置

aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的

damp v. 阻尼,减幅,衰减

yaw n. 偏航

altitude n. 海拔

attitude n. 姿态

intuition n. 直觉

trail-and-error n. 试凑法

dynamic response 动态响应

disturbance n. 扰动

parameter n. 参数

modification n. 修正,修改

transfer function 传递函数

domain n. 域,领域

advent n. 出现

state variable 状态变量

matrix algebra 矩阵代数

approach n. 途径,方法;研究

proponent n. 提倡者

detractor n. 批评者

tutorial adj. 指导性的

subsequent adj. 后序的

open-loop n. 开环

closed-loop n. 闭环

discrete adj. 离散的

differential equation 微分方程

difference equation 差分方程

interval n. 间隔

sampled-data n. 采样数据

nonlinear adj. 非线性的

time-invariant adj. 时不变的

coefficient n. 系数

stationary adj. 静态的

lumped parameter 集中参数

distributed parameter 分散参数

spatial adj. 空间的

spring n. 弹簧

lead n. 导线

resistance n. 阻抗

uniform adj. 一致的

elastic adj. 有弹性的

ordinary differential equation 常微分方程

partial differential equation 偏微分方程

deterministic adj. 确定的

stochastic adj. 随机的

predictable adj. 可断定的

probability theory 概率论

multivariable n. 多变量

configuration n. 构造,结构

property n. 性质

model n. 模型 v. 建模

linearization n. 线性化

strategy n. 方法

performance criteria 性能指标

hardware n. 硬件

development system 开发系统

rationale n. 理论,原理的阐述

难句翻译:

[1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a

lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system.

飞行员的反应速度太慢,如果不附加阻尼偏航系统,飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。

[2] Since the output is fed back in a functional form determined by the nature of the feedback

elements and then subtracted from the input…

因为输出会以由反馈部件特性决定的函数形式反馈回来,然后从输入中减去„„

P2U2A Stability and the Time Response 稳定性和时域响应

intuitively adv. 直观地

at rest 处于平衡状态

excitation n. 激励

phase n. 状态,相位

exponential adj. 指数的;n. 指数

oscillation n. 振荡

amplitude n. 振幅

impulse v. 冲激

criteria n. 判据

qualitatively adv. 定性地

complex adj. 复数的;n. 复数

characteristic equation 特征方程

factor n. 因子;v. 分解因式

decay v. 衰减

horizontally adv. 水平地

vertically adv. 垂直地

Routh criterion 劳斯判据

Hurwitz criterion 赫尔维茨判据

quadratic adj. 二次方的

significance n. 意义

overdamped adj. 过阻尼的

critically damped 临界阻尼

underdampted adj. 欠阻尼的

corresponding adj. 相应的

origin n. 原点

dominating pole 主极点

settling time 调节时间

overshoot n. 超调

derivation n. 导数

extreme adj. 极端的;n. 极端的事情/情况

peak time 峰值时间

substitute n. 代替

rise time 上升时间

gouge v. 挖

radically adv. 完全地

难句翻译:

[1] The table is continued horizontally and vertically until only zeros are obtained.

这张表向水平(向右)垂直(向下)方向延伸,直到得到的都是零为止。

P2U3A 根轨迹 The Root Locus

factored adj. 可分解的

depict v. 描述

conjugate adj. 共轭的

vector n. 矢量

argument n. 辐角,相位

counterclockwise adj. 逆时针的

odd multiple 奇数倍

even multiple 偶数倍

plot v. 绘图 n. 曲线图

sketch v., n. (绘)草图,素描

facilitate v. 使容易,促进

coincide v. 一致

asymptote n. 渐进线

integer n. 整数

intersect v. 相交

real axis 实轴

symmetrical adj. 对称的

breakaway point 分离点

arrival point 汇合点

departure angle 出射角

arrival angle 入射角

thereof adv. 将它(们)

imaginary axis 虚轴

passive adj. 被动的,无源的

active adj. 主动的,有源的

network n. 网络,电路

phase-lead n. 相位超前

phase-lag n. 相位滞后

难句翻译:

[1] …as any single parameter, such as a gain or time constant, is varied from zero to infinity.

„„当任意单一参数,如增益或时间常数,从零变到无穷时。

[2] These effects increase in strength with decreasing distance.

随着到原点距离的减小,它们的作用强度会增加。

此处distance指零(极)点到原点的距离。

[3] Ignoring for the weaker effect of the added pole, which is often placed at 10 times the distance

to the origin, the zero…

忽略常被置于10倍于零点到原点距离处的附加极点的微弱作用,零点„„

P2U4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Plots 频率响应法:波特图

decibel n. 分贝

common logarithm 常对数

minimum phase 最小相位

product n. 乘积

semilog paper 半对数坐标(纸)

interpret v. 解释,解析

slop n. 斜率

quadratic adj. 二次的;n. 二次方程

break frequency 转折频率

crossover frequency 穿越频率

bandwidth n. 带宽

entail v., n. 负担,需要

merit n. 优点;指标,准则

procedure n. 程序,过程

mechanize v. 使机械化

难句翻译:

[1] This is also true for the leads corresponding to the simple and quadratic lag below.

对应于后面的一次和二次滞后的超前环节也是这样。

[2] To ensure a specified attenuation (reduction) of noise components in the input above a certain

frequency should be below a certain level.

为保证对输入中高于一定频率的噪声成分指定的衰减,(伯德图中M)应低于某一水平。

P2U5A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 现代控制理论简介

constraint n. 强迫,约束

multiply v. 加倍,倍增

stimulus n. 刺激,鼓励

optimal control 最优控制

dominate v. 支配,使服从

package n. 包

very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) 超大规模集成电路

numerical adj. 数字的

matrix n. 矩阵 pl. matrices

linear vector space 线性矢量空间

ad hoc 尤其,特定地

alleviate v. 减轻,缓和

arbitrary adj. 任意的

formulation n. 公式化(表达)

implementation n. 实现,履行

attain v. 达到,实现

constitute v. 构造,组织

insofar as 到这样的程度,在„„范围内

continuum n. 连续

gross national product 国民生产总值

trade deficit 贸易赤字

scalar adj. 数量的,标量的;n. 数量,标量

n-dimensional adj. n维的

circumstance n. 状况,环境

难句翻译:

[1] The transition from simple approximate models, which are easy to work with, to more realistic

models produces two effects.

从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换存在两方面问题。

[2] It provides an ideal formulation for computer implementation and is responsible for much of

the progress in optimization theory.

它(现代控制理论)为计算机实现提供了理想的公式化方法,并对最优化理论的发展起了重要作用。

[3] As far as the state at t1 is concerned, it makes no difference how the initial state was attained.

就t1时刻的状态而言,它与初始状态是怎样实现的无关。

as far as„be concerned:就„„而言;make no difference:无论„„都没有区别(没关系)

[4] Thus the state at t0 constitutes a complete history of the system behavior prior to t0, insofar as

that history affects future behavior.

因此,t0时刻的状态构成了t0以前系统活动状态的历史,这个历史状态在一定范围内影响(系统)未来的行为。


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